1.0 INTRODUCTION:

The COVID-19 outbreak has paralyzed the global economy, worsened inequities, and governments face the biggest crisis of unemployment since the Great Depression (Rassanjani et al., 2021)¹. However, relief may be on the way as vaccinations become available to everyone, the world conversation is vibrating with optimism for not just recovery, but also a new sustainable system that assures economic stability and addresses climate change. So, how do we achieving that aim in practice?

The public sector will play a key role; even so, government efforts to climate change are hampered by inefficient renewable energy alternatives.

In today’s world, green banks are a component of the solution for optimizing public intervention (Dewi and Dewi, 2017)². Go Green is the theme of the twenty-first century. Being green (Indira, 2016)³ i.e., proactive with the environment and safety of mother earth has grown to be very fundamental today. Technology improvement has supported human beings, commercial enterprise entrepreneurs, and service carriers to undertake eco-friendly concepts, helped to reduce carbon emission and it’s had an effect on the environment (Campiglio, 2016)⁴. In India, the banking industry is one of the most dynamically developing industry (Kumar, 2011)⁵. Banking transactions have reached a new level due to technological advancements and e-business (Raghunandan et al., 2018; Regmi, 2015; Vijayakumar et al., 2011)^6,7,8. The sudden change in the financial environment has stripped banks of all comforts, and many of them are struggling to cope with the demands of a changing climate (Chaudhury et al., 2013)⁹. Banks are highly reliant on technology to succeed in an increasingly competitive business climate (Chakraborty, 2015)¹⁰. Digitalization of a variety of banking practices is simply the adoption of green banking (Anantha Shayana et al., 2017)¹¹. Green banking advertising environmental pleasant practices and decreasing carbon footprint from banking activities (Rodrigues, 2019)¹². It is like a normal bank, which considers all the social and environmental/ecological elements to shield the surroundings and conserve natural resources. It is also referred to as a moral bank or a sustainable bank. This is advantageous to banks, industry, and the economy as a whole (Suresh and Bhavna, 2015)¹³. They are controlled through equal authorities but with an additional agenda towards taking care of the Earth's environment/habitats/resources. The importance of green marketing in the existing context is noticeable because of environmental concerns amongst marketers and professionals (Chamorro, 2009; Lee, 2008; Ottman et al., 2006; Peattie and Crane, 2005)^14,15,16,17. The notion of green banking was first initiated in the USA in 2003, and it virtually came into existence after the framing of optimistic regulation by the USA government in March 2009. Followed with the aid of several legislations, reframing of policies, representative payments had been framed through the USA from time to time for smooth adoption of the green banking concept. As some distance India is considered, the RBI (Reserve Bank of India) so far has no longer adopted any policy-related amendment associated with green banking, but the nation has adopted international practices of green banking (Sharma, 2017)¹⁸, so in India, paper much less banking is viewed as green banking (Shilpa Shetty and Gopika Unnikrishnan, 2017)¹⁹. Norm associated green banking practices were carried out through the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) via the beginning Institute of Development and Research and in Banking Technology (IDRBT).

1.1 Green banking in India:

A country like India that has a large population, serving the banking provider needs of quite many segments of the population and to give an enhance to the financial inclusion dimension has to flip out to be true solely through the adoption of green banking practices. The banking sector is changing dramatically as a result of new age information technologies (Shridhar and Sharma, 2020; Singh and Arora, 2015)^20,21. Moreover, the magnitude of green banking in India is gaining motion as it correctly helps in tremendous administration of environmental issues in financial enchantment and the damages brought about to the mother earth with the useful resource of set up of renewable energy environment-friendly equipment like utilization of solar panels, windmills, etc. Besides, these green banking practices encourage the utilization of digital banking practices through the capability of avoiding the most paper usages. In India, the green banking idea used to be first initiated via SBI (State Bank of India) and ICICI Bank. The adoption of green banking thought furnished widespread possibilities to the banks (Bukhari et al., 2020)²². It supports banks in enchantment and advertising and marketing of various progressive e- banking merchandise and services like online banking, mobile banking, digital payments, green savings cards, e-statements, ATM (Automatic Teller Machine or Any Time Money), digital deposits, etc (Sushma, 2018)²³. Adoption of green banking provides a range of benefits to bank like the realization of rate reduction, minimizing personnel recruitment, reduction of operational price in current in bodily banking practices, online banking, green cheque usage, green loan, cell banking facilities, provision of more offerings to clients i.e., providing of twenty-four or round the clock service, far-flung login facilities i.e., any time come somewhere banking, protecting clients blissful as their demand and expectations meet on time.

Indian service sectors have also realized the effect of world warming influences and as the phase of its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), it has applied “Green Banking” practices in nearly all of its transactions. Green banking initiatives of industrial banks in India revolve around these concepts: paperless banking, being power-conscious, the usage of common conversation mode (like internet, cellular telephones, etc.), and institution of the green building allow green science adoption (like the use of windmills, photovoltaic energies or bio-energies for the function of ATM, bank branches, etc.,).

1.2 Green banking practices and its role during COVID-19:

Green banking contributes to the solution of environmental challenges such as climate change, deforestation, air pollution, biodiversity loss, and, most importantly, global warming. By delivering services in the hands of customers, we are indirectly protecting the environment. A few of the Green banking initiatives include the following:

1. Green mortgages 2. Green loans 3. Green credit cards 4. Green saving account 5. Online banking 6. Remote Deposit Capture 7. Green Car Loans 8. Solar ATMs 9. Green channel counters 10. Green certificate of deposits 11. E-Investment services 12. Bonds and mutual funds for environmentally friendly projects 13. Recyclable debit and credit cards 14. Green checking account 15. Green CDs 16. Green money market 17. Mobile banking (Kavitha and Usha Rani, 2016)²⁴.

Green banking practices are becoming increasingly important in everyone's lives, particularly during COVID-19. All of the following green banking practices are offered by various banks to provide their services to customers in remote locations by understanding their needs. These approaches greatly aided consumers throughout the lockdown time by allowing them to complete bank-related tasks, transactions, orders, and purchases without having to postpone them. (Srividya and Vijayalakshmi, 2021)²⁵. Currently, peoples are also aware of technology and are interested in being green. They were aware of environmental hazards as a result of a few incidents (Chen, 2009)²⁶. One of the benefits of adopting green banking practices during the lockdown is the ability of banks to respond quickly to any issues. Banks are blending both human and digital channels. Green banking practices at COVID-19 achieve social distance, paperless work, time savings, cheaper cost, energy savings, less public transport leads to reduced air pollution, and last but not least, protecting the environment (Fozia, 2015)²⁷. Green banks make a significant contribution to the conservation of the environment and people's health by implementing green practices. Many people began to use green banking practices, but during the Covid-19 pandemic, it became essential for everyone to be environmentally conscious and safe. Green banking practices are not only important during COVID-19, but they are also important when it comes to man-made environmental challenges.

2.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

Meenakshi and Akanksha (2021)²⁸proposed a conceptual model of green banking initiatives, and there we learn about the core of attention on the impact of three green banking initiatives viz green products development, green corporate social responsibility, and green internal process on two potential outcomes that is green brand image and green trust. They argued that banking agencies can play a quintessential role in greening banking by way of bettering the availability of finance and serving the wishes of a green economy. The data for the study collected from middle to senior stage managers of 12 public sector banks. The study revealed that most of the public sector banks indulge in the development of green banking products and bank incorporates green internal processes in their daily activities. Similarly, most banks undertake several green social responsibility initiatives too.

Neeraja and Raji (2021)²⁹ conduct an in-depth study about the green product provided by the bank. The article additionally analyses the notion of green banking from the point of customers. The awareness level of customers involving a range of green products is regarded into. An in-depth assessment of the benefits and satisfaction of green banking is additionally done from the perspective of customers.

Eugene okyere and Khalil (2021)³⁰ discover elements affecting the intention of banks to adopt green banking from the perspective of employees. This study uses a questionnaire to collect data from ninety-four personnel chosen from banks in Koforidua, the eastern region of Ghana. Multiple regressions used to be used to analyze the data. The study finds an appreciably advantageous relationship between management support and the intention of banks to undertake green banking. However, pressures from competitors and customers are determined no longer to have a remarkable have an impact on banks’ intention to undertake green banking.

Ali Saleh Alshebami (2021)³¹ investigates green banking practices' relevance amongst banks in Saudi Arabia and there has an effect on the Saudi banks' green image with the mediating influence of the employees' green behavior. The study's findings posted a large significant positive relationship between green banking practices and the Saudi banks' green image, indicating that when greener banking practices are practiced, the banks' image improves. In addition, the study disclosed that the green banking behavior of employees is affected by green banking practices directly, and employees' green banking behavior does not mediate the relationship between green banking practices and the Saudi banks' green image.

Ratnasari, T. et al. (2021)³² determine to have an impact on green banking daily operation, green banking policy (GBP), capital adequacy, non-performing loan (NPL), bank efficiency, and bank liquidity profitability. The sample of this study is the Indonesian banking sector in the dimension 2012–2016. The results validated that green banking daily operation, capital adequacy, and bank liquidity affect bank profitability. GBP and bank efficiency negatively affect bank profitability.

Kumari (2021)³³ was conducted on chosen customers from Systemically Important Banks (Bank of Ceylon, Commercial Bank of Ceylon, Hatton National Bank, Peoples’ Bank, Sampath Bank, and Seylan Bank) in Sri Lanka. Data are collected from customers in these banks. This study shows that there is a positive relationship between customer loyalty and paper fewer transactions.

Monika Singh, Ganesh P Sahu (2021)³⁴ analyze eleven key elements empirically that are significant for the adoption of Green IS and desired performance improvement achievement of banking segments concerning the banks placed in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study will enrich the literature in this field; also, it will be influenced by the decision-makers and practitioners in different segments for the adoption of Green IS in organizations.

3.0 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

There are several variables at effect in the adoption of green banking. It is always essential for decision-makers to understand how the use of green banking products differs among various age groups, genders, and occupants. Geographical location, accessibility of green banking products, financial literacy, and their level of awareness also plays a vital position in the adoption of green banking products. Banks provide more advanced offerings to their customers like internet banking, mobile banking, debit cards, deposit cards, etc. But due to lack of information and awareness amongst customers, also create customer dissatisfaction. This study aims to understand the various green banking practices and determine the degree of acceptance and awareness towards several green banking practices amongst specific stakeholders of the banking industry. The present study also carried out to examine the relationship between age groups and adoption of green banking product which enables the decisions makers to determine which group need to be more focused and targeted because green banking not only provides convenience to the customer and also help the banks to reduce their cost.

4.0 OBJECTIVES:

· To understand green banking practices adopted in banks during COVID-19 outbreak in India

· To identify the level of awareness towards green banking practices among different stakeholders of the banking industry

· To explore relationship between age and level of awareness towards green banking practices

5.0 HYPOTHESIS:

The following hypothesis has been formulated in accordance with the objectives of the study.

H₀: There is no significant relationship between the category of bank’s stakeholders and their level of awareness towards green banking.

H₀: The level of awareness towards green banking has no differences across the age of the stakeholders

6.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

The research is descriptive. The population of the study constitutes the total number of bank stakeholders such as customers, employees, managers, the general public, and clients in India. The sample size of the study is 320. In this study, a convenience sampling method was adopted. The present study is based on necessary information collected from both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data collected with the help of a structured questionnaire consisting of 20 questions from various categories of stakeholders of the banking industry in the state of Kerala. The respondents consist of 110 customers, 95 employees, 19 clients, 32 managers, and 64 general public in the study area. The primary data collected from late 2020 to early 2021. Secondary sources like Books, Articles, Journals, newspapers, etc., have been used.

7.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

This study included two stages in its data analysis procedure. A demographic profile of the respondents in the first step. The second stage included hypothesis testing with ANOVA.

Socio-demographic classification of banking stakeholders:

Primary data pertaining to the study were collected from green banking customers of public and private sector banks, which together contribute a total of 320. The demographic profile of the respondents provides a complete insight into the respondents in terms of age, gender, marital status, and educational qualification, which is significant for the study. In this section, an attempt has been made to assess the demographic characteristics of the sample.

Table 1: Demographic profile of the respondents

Category	Sub category	No. of Respondents	%	Total
Gender	Male	168	52.5	320
Gender	Female	152	47.5	320
Age	Below 25	48	15	320
	25-35	72	22.5
	35-45	104	32.5
	45-55	48	15
	Above 55	48	15
Category of stakeholder	Managers	32	10	320
	Clients	19	5.9
	Employees	95	29.7
	Customers	110	34.4
	General public	64	20
Bank category	Public sector	168	52.5	320
Bank category	Private sector	152	47.5	320
Longevity of bank account holding	Less than 1 year	16	5	320
	1-5 year	40	12.5
	6-10 year	200	62.5
	More than years	64	20

Source: Primary data

The study was conducted among 47.5 percent of female and 52.5 percent of male respondents i.e., bank’s stakeholders. It has been inferred that 15 percent of sample respondents are aged less than 25 years. Followed by, 22.5 percent of the bank’s stakeholders are aged between 25-35 years, 32.5 percent of the sample populations are in the age grouping of 35-45 years and 15 percent of the bank’s stakeholders are aged 45-55 years. Rests of the 15 percent of bank’ stakeholders surveyed are aged more than 55 years. Out of 320 bank’s stakeholders surveyed, 52.5 percent of samples are from public sector banks, 47.5 percent of respondents are found from private sector banks. Regarding the category of stakeholders of the bank, 34.4 percent of respondents are customers of the bank, 29.7 percent of samples were employees, and the remaining 10 percent were managers/directors and 20 percent were the general public.

Table 5: Post hoc analysis of mean score of level of awareness towards green banking across different stakeholders

(I) Stakeholders	(J) Stakeholders	Mean Difference (I-J)	Std. Error	Sig.	95% Confidence Interval
(I) Stakeholders	(J) Stakeholders	Mean Difference (I-J)	Std. Error	Sig.	Lower Bound	Upper Bound
Managers	Employees	0.42105	0.45005	0.883	-0.8137	1.6558
	Customers	1.85000^*	0.64538	0.036	0.0793	3.6207
	General public	3.35000^*	0.50516	0.000	1.9640	4.7360
	Clients	1.60000	0.79830	0.266	-0.5902	3.7902
Employees	Managers	-0.42105	0.45005	0.883	-1.6558	0.8137
	Customers	1.42895	0.65676	0.192	-0.3730	3.2309
	General public	2.92895^*	0.51963	0.000	1.5033	4.3546
	Clients	1.17895	0.80753	0.589	-1.0366	3.3945
Customers	Managers	-1.85000^*	0.64538	0.036	-3.6207	-0.0793
	Employees	-1.42895	0.65676	0.192	-3.2309	0.3730
	General public	1.50000	0.69569	0.199	-0.4087	3.4087
	Clients	-0.25000	0.93063	0.999	-2.8033	2.3033
General public	Managers	-3.35000^*	0.50516	0.000	-4.7360	-1.9640
	Employees	-2.92895^*	0.51963	0.000	-4.3546	-1.5033
	Customers	-1.50000	0.69569	0.199	-3.4087	0.4087
	Clients	-1.75000	0.83949	0.229	-4.0533	0.5533
Clients	Managers	-1.60000	0.79830	0.266	-3.7902	0.5902
	Employees	-1.17895	0.80753	0.589	-3.3945	1.0366
	Customers	0.25000	0.93063	0.999	-2.3033	2.8033
	General public	1.75000	0.83949	0.229	-0.5533	4.0533

Significant at the 0.05 level ; Source: Primary data

Table 6: Results of One-way ANOVA Age of banking stakeholders and level of awareness towards green banking

		Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
Paperless Banking	Between Groups	222.971	4	55.743	55.004	0.000
	Within Groups	319.229	315	1.013
	Total	542.200	319
Green Building	Between Groups	97.353	4	24.338	22.213	0.000
	Within Groups	345.134	315	1.096
	Total	442.487	319
Environmentally Friendly	Between Groups	58.935	4	14.734	11.028	0.000
	Within Groups	420.865	315	1.336
	Total	479.800	319
Energy	Between Groups	53.397	4	13.349	8.860	0.000
	Within Groups	474.603	315	1.507
	Total	528.000	319
Green Deposit	Between Groups	70.101	4	17.525	13.073	0.000
	Within Groups	422.287	315	1.341
	Total	492.388	319
Green Mortgage	Between Groups	66.816	4	16.704	11.322	0.000
	Within Groups	464.734	315	1.475
	Total	531.550	319
Green Card	Between Groups	107.017	4	26.754	17.905	0.000
	Within Groups	470.671	315	1.494
	Total	577.688	319
Mobile Banking	Between Groups	75.718	4	18.929	16.746	0.000
	Within Groups	356.082	315	1.130
	Total	431.800	319
Online Payment	Between Groups	289.977	4	72.494	83.093	0.000
	Within Groups	274.823	315	0.872
	Total	564.800	319
E-investment	Between Groups	373.944	4	93.486	5.161	0.000
	Within Groups	5705.856	315	18.114
	Total	6079.800	319

Source: Primary data

The post hoc analysis shows a significant difference between managers and customers, with a p-value of 0.036, and between managers and the general public with a p-value of 0.000, which is the cause for the difference in the mean score of green banking awareness across different stakeholders. The results show that the level of awareness towards green banking is not the same across different stakeholders. The present study finds a significant difference in the level of awareness of green banking between managers and customers and between managers and the general public.

H₀: The level of awareness towards green banking has no differences across the age of the stakeholders:

It has been observed that the one-way ANOVA test values (55.004, 22.213, 11.028, 8.860, 13.073, 11.322, 17.905, 16.746, 83.093, 5.161) were found to be within the significant level of five percent. The hypotheses framed stand rejected and it has been confirmed that there is a close relationship between the age of banking stakeholders and their level of awareness towards green banking.

8.0 CONCLUSION:

Based on the current findings of this study, life will not be the same after COVID. The pandemic forced us to look for new answers to old issues, and some of the changes will be everlasting. Banks' primary aim is to take the necessary steps to recover from the pandemic effect and fill the financial gap. Because the banking industry is also one of those affected sectors, green banking practices may play a critical role in assisting customers to remain at home and safe. Green banking is described as the promotion of environmentally friendly practices and the reduction of the carbon footprint associated with banking activities. It involves the use of online banking, mobile banking, green channel counters, e-statement, green loans, solar ATMs, etc. i.e. using banking services through online activities. It is a common perception that it is more customary among youth, whereas less popular among aged people. Therefore, the present study test for understanding acceptance and awareness of green banking among different stakeholders including Managers, employees, customers, clients, and the general public. The present study finds that the level of awareness towards green banking is high among managers and employees whereas, the level of awareness is minimum among the general public. The study also finds that the young generation is more inclined towards green banking products than middle age and senior age groups (above 55 years). Therefore, the present study finds that there is more of a need to create awareness about green banking product adoption among the general public than internal stakeholders of the bank such as managers and employees.

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Received on 17.07.2021 Modified on 26.02.2022

Asian Journal of Management. 2022;13(3):186-192.

DOI: 10.52711/2321-5763.2022.00034

Stakeholders	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error	95% Confidence Interval for Mean		Minimum	Maximum
Stakeholders	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error	Lower Bound	Upper Bound	Minimum	Maximum
Managers	32	25.6000	3.10135	0.29570	25.0139	26.1861	20.00	30.00
Employees	95	25.1789	3.24194	0.33262	24.5185	25.8394	20.00	30.00
Customers	110	23.7500	1.81392	0.32066	23.0960	24.4040	22.00	26.00
General public	64	22.2500	3.69470	0.46184	21.3271	23.1729	17.00	28.00
Clients	19	24.0000	3.75648	0.86179	22.1894	25.8106	20.00	30.00
Total	320	24.5250	3.44040	0.19232	24.1466	24.9034	17.00	30.00

Levene Statistic	df1	df2	Sig.
0.513	4	315	0.726